Which intrinsic muscle of the tongue extends vertically from the dorsal to the ventral surface_____________?
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Answer: A. Verticalis
Explanation
The verticalis muscle of the tongue extends vertically from the dorsal to the ventral surface. This intrinsic muscle flattens and widens the tongue when its muscle fibers contract simultaneously. Histological sections demonstrate these vertical fibers intersecting other intrinsic muscle groups of the tongue. Intrinsic muscles of the tongue originate and insert entirely within the tongue, altering its shape. The four pairs of intrinsic tongue muscles include superior longitudinal, inferior, transverse, and verticalis. Coordinated contractions of intrinsic muscles allow humans to manipulate food and articulate complex speech.
Speech therapists analyze tongue flexibility and shape changes during swallowing and articulation exercises. Neurological damage affecting hypoglossal branches can cause atrophy and weakness in intrinsic tongue muscles. Histology practicals often require students to identify vertical and transverse muscle bundles in sections. The superior longitudinal muscle runs along the upper surface of the tongue to shorten and curl up. The inferior longitudinal muscle runs along the underside of the tongue to shorten and curl down. The transverse muscle extends across the tongue from side to side to narrow and elongate it.
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