What is the immediate medication of choice for treating acute anaphylaxis? _____________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. Epinephrine
Explanation
Acute anaphylaxis causes life-threatening bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and profound systemic vasodilation. Epinephrine acts rapidly as an alpha and beta adrenergic agonist to reverse these dangerous physiological changes. Prompt administration of this medication is the primary life-saving intervention required during anaphylactic shock. Anaphylaxis is a severe, systemic IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction triggered by allergens like insect venom or foods. Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure and reduce mucosal swelling. Beta-2 adrenergic activation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle to open airways and improve oxygen exchange in the lungs.
Patients with known severe allergies carry auto-injectors containing epinephrine for emergency self-administration. Emergency medical personnel prioritize immediate intramuscular injection of epinephrine over secondary medications in shock. Delayed administration of epinephrine during an anaphylactic event significantly increases the risk of fatal outcomes. Option B lists steroids, which have a slow onset of action and cannot stop acute airway closure immediately. Option C names antihistamines, which help with mild allergic itching but do not reverse life-threatening hypotension. Option D refers to antibiotics, which treat bacterial infections and play no role in reversing acute allergic shock.
Related questions
Q1. Sunlight functions as a natural sterilizing agent primarily because it contains_________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. short wave lenght
Sunlight acts as a natural germicide due to the presence of ultraviolet radiation within its spectrum. Ultraviolet rays feature short wavelengths that penetrate microbial cells and damage DNA molecules. This photochemica...
Q2. The Rideal-Walker test is standardly employed to evaluate the germicidal efficacy of_____________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. Disinfectant
The Rideal-Walker test measures the relative bactericidal potency of chemical disinfectants against standard phenol. Disinfectant evaluation requires comparing the dilution of a test agent against a phenol control soluti...
Q3. Teichoic acid is an essential structural component found within the cell walls of_________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. Gram positive bacteria
Teichoic acids are polyol phosphate polymers embedded within thick peptidoglycan layers of Gram-positive walls. These anionic polymers regulate surface charge and play crucial roles in cell division and ion uptake. Their...
Q4. The bacterial cell wall exhibits all of the following physiological properties except______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. It is a unique flexible plastic structure
The bacterial cell wall is a tough, mechanically strong structure rather than a flexible plastic one. Its rigid lattice protects the internal protoplast against high internal osmotic pressure. Cell wall rigidity maintain...
Q5. What is the specific microbial pathogen responsible for cat-scratch disease? ______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. Bartonella henselae
Bartonella henselae is a fastidious Gram-negative bacterium identified as the primary etiologic agent of cat-scratch disease. Infection typically occurs following a scratch or bite from a domestic cat carrying the flea-v...
Q6. What is the most effective sterilization procedure for surgical dressing powder? _____________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Hot air oven
Dry heat sterilization in a hot air oven is ideal for powders, oils, and glassware without moisture. Moist steam cannot penetrate powders effectively, making dry heat the superior method for surgical powders. High temper...