The prevalent bleeding disorders hemophilia A and von Willebrand’s disease stem from______________?
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Answer: D. Factor VIII deficiency
Explanation
Hemophilia A is an inherited bleeding disorder directly caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII. Factor VIII is an essential cofactor required for the activation of factor X in the intrinsic clotting cascade. Without adequate factor VIII functional levels, blood clot formation is severely delayed or impaired. The coagulation cascade is a complex series of enzymatic protein reactions achieving effective hemostasis. Hemophilia A exhibits an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern affecting predominantly male family members. Von Willebrand disease involves deficiency of a carrier protein protecting factor VIII in the circulation.
Patients with severe hemophilia experience spontaneous joint and muscle hemorrhages requiring factor replacement therapy. Dental extractions demand meticulous presurgical preparation with hematologist consultation to prevent fatal bleeding. Laboratory testing measures partial thromboplastin times to evaluate intrinsic pathway clotting abnormalities. Factor IX deficiency causes hemophilia B, which is a clinically similar condition known as Christmas disease. Vitamin K deficiency impairs the synthesis of multiple vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver. Factor X deficiency is a rare inherited bleeding disorder distinct from classic factor VIII hemophilia A.
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