The formation of cavities in teeth due to dental caries is primarily caused by______________?
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Answer: C. Lateral spread of caries along DE junction and weakening of the outer covering enamel
Explanation
Cavitation occurs when dental caries spreads laterally along the dentinoenamel junction, undermining the overlying enamel until it unsupported and fractures inward. Acid produced by cariogenic bacteria demineralizes enamel and spreads rapidly once it reaches the dentinoenamel junction interface. Without the underlying dentin support, the brittle outer enamel collapses into the carious lesion, creating a visible dental cavity. Dental caries is an infectious microbiological disease resulting in localized destruction of calcified dental tooth hard tissues. Enamel is composed of hydroxyapatite crystals that dissolve in acidic environments created by bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates. The dentinoenamel junction acts as a pathway facilitating lateral spread because dentin offers less resistance to bacterial acids.
Option A highlights Streptococcus mutans, but cavitation requires the subsequent lateral dentinal spread mechanism to collapse enamel. Option B mentions Lactobacillus acidophilus, which contributes to caries progression rather than explaining the mechanical enamel collapse. Option D incorrectly suggests masticatory force causes caries independently of the carious demineralization process.
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