Aspirin administration results in all of the following pharmacological effects except_____________?
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Answer: D. Constipation
Explanation
Aspirin causes gastric bleeding, inhibits platelets, and alters hemostatic parameters, but does not cause constipation. Constipation is a classic adverse effect associated primarily with opioid analgesics rather than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories. Aspirin's gastrointestinal side effects involve mucosal irritation and bleeding rather than slowed bowel motility. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes in platelets and tissues. Inhibition of gastric mucosal prostaglandins removes protective barriers, leading to ulcers and frank bleeding. Opioids slow gastrointestinal motility by binding to enteric mu-opioid receptors, causing severe constipation.
Recognizing distinct side-effect profiles helps clinicians differentiate analgesic drug classes during patient management. Patients taking long-term aspirin therapy require gastroprotection with proton pump inhibitors to prevent ulcers. Opioid-induced constipation requires proactive management with laxatives, unlike aspirin-induced gastric irritation. Aspirin administration frequently induces frank gastric bleeding due to mucosal prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. Aspirin prolongs bleeding time and prothrombin parameters by permanently acetylating platelet cyclooxygenase. Platelet dysfunction is a hallmark pharmacological effect of aspirin used for cardiovascular event prevention.
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