Within the elastic region, what is the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain called_______________?
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Answer: E. Poisson’s ratio
Explanation
Poisson ratio is defined as the negative ratio of transverse strain to axial strain within the elastic range. It quantifies the lateral thinning or thickening experienced by a stretched or compressed rod. This dimensionless parameter remains constant for isotropic materials undergoing elastic deformation. Axial tensile loads stretch a member lengthwise while causing it to contract inward transversely. Typical engineering metals have Poisson ratio values hovering around 0.3 under room conditions. Hooke law incorporates Poisson ratio when analyzing three-dimensional complex stress states.
Structural engineers use Poisson ratio to calculate dimensional changes in loaded machine parts. Designing tightly fitted pins and sleeves requires accounting for transverse expansion under load. Accurate material constants ensure finite element models predict physical deflections correctly. Young modulus relates axial stress to axial strain rather than transverse strain ratios. Bulk modulus measures a material response to uniform volumetric hydrostatic compression. Modulus of rigidity measures shear stress compared to shear strain deformation angles.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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