What is fluid flow called when particle velocities fluctuate unpredictably in both magnitude and direction from point to point and instant to instant__________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. turbulent flow
Explanation
Turbulent flow features chaotic fluid particle velocity fluctuations occurring unpredictably in both magnitude and direction. Fluid particles mix violently across adjacent layers, creating eddies, vortices, and high internal energy dissipation rates. This erratic velocity behavior distinguishes turbulent motion from smooth, orderly streamline fluid flow characteristics. Fluid dynamics classifies internal pipe flows using the dimensionless Reynolds number to distinguish laminar and turbulent regimes. Turbulence occurs when inertial forces dominate over viscous forces within rapidly moving fluid streams. Momentum transfer in turbulent flows is heavily augmented by macroscopic fluid mixing rather than purely molecular diffusion.
Option A describes one-dimensional flow where fluid properties vary along a single coordinate spatial direction. Option B represents uniform flow where velocity remains constant in magnitude and direction across spatial locations. Option C denotes steady flow where fluid parameters at any point do not change over time intervals.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
Related questions
Q1. What term describes the generation of 15.653 kg of steam per hour from and at 100°C_________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. one boiler h.p.
Boiler horsepower is an historical engineering unit used to quantify the steaming capacity of industrial steam generators. It is formally defined as the thermal energy required to evaporate 15.653 kilograms of water per...
Q2. How does the bulk modulus of elasticity behave physically___________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. increases with pressure
The bulk modulus of elasticity measures a fluid resistance to compression and increases as the surrounding fluid pressure increases. As fluids are compressed under higher pressures, their molecular spacing decreases, mak...
Q3. What is the primary structural difference between a Cornish boiler and a Lancashire boiler_________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. former contains one fire tube and latter contains two fire tubes
Boiler classifications often depend on the number and arrangement of internal furnace tubes. The Cornish boiler features a single internal fire tube running through its shell. In contrast, the Lancashire boiler is struct...
Q4. Which alloying element fails to contribute high strength at elevated operating temperatures__________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. magnesium
Alloying elements added to steel generally improve mechanical properties, but magnesium fails to provide useful high-temperature strength. Magnesium has a low melting point and oxidizes readily, making it completely unsu...
Q5. What is the time difference between the total available time and the actual time needed to finish a task called_________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. float
Float in project management represents the amount of excess time available beyond the actual time needed to complete a task. It measures how long a task schedule can slip without delaying subsequent dependent activities...
Q6. How are the fire tubes configured in a Cochran and Scottish marine boiler_________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. horizontal
Cochran and Scottish marine boilers are classic examples of cylindrical shell boilers. Their internal fire tubes are oriented in a horizontal direction to maximize surface area. Hot combustion gases pass horizontally thr...