Under triaxial equal compressive or tensile stresses, what is the ratio of direct stress to volumetric strain___________________?
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Answer: B. bulk modulus
Explanation
Bulk modulus specifically relates hydrostatic compressive or tensile stress uniformly applied in three mutually perpendicular directions. Volumetric strain measures the fractional change in total volume experienced by the material under these triaxial loading conditions. Dividing the uniform direct stress by this resulting volumetric strain yields the constant known precisely as the bulk modulus. Bulk modulus, commonly denoted by the letter K, serves as a fundamental indicator of an incompressible or compressible substance's resistance to uniform pressure. Its mathematical expression is the change in pressure divided by the volumetric strain, yielding units of Pascals. High bulk modulus values indicate materials that are extremely difficult to compress, such as water or dense metals under extreme hydrostatic pressure.
Young modulus describes the ratio of uniaxial direct stress to linear strain along a single loading direction. Modulus of rigidity measures the material response to shear stress and angular deformation rather than volumetric changes. Poisson ratio is a dimensionless ratio of transverse strain to longitudinal strain and does not represent a stress-to-strain modulus.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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