Ultracentrifuges operating at velocities up to 100000 rpm are typically employed for_____________________?
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Answer: A. Separation of isotopes based on their density or molecular weights difference
Explanation
Ultracentrifuges generate extreme centrifugal fields reaching up to one hundred thousand rpm. These massive gravitational equivalents are required to separate isotopes based on tiny mass differences. Standard centrifuges lack the rotational speed needed to separate molecules with minute weight variances. Centrifugal force increases with the square of the rotational speed and radius. Isotope separation involves heavy elements like uranium hexafluoride gas in advanced nuclear fuel cycles. Ultracentrifugation requires highly specialized rotors constructed from high strength composite materials.
Ultra-high-speed centrifugation is vital for nuclear fuel enrichment and advanced biochemical research. Operating such high speed equipment requires rigorous safety protocols and precision engineering. Minute molecular weight differences dictate that only ultracentrifuges can achieve successful separation. Rubber latex concentration uses standard industrial disc-stack centrifuges operating at moderate speeds. Separating cream from milk requires low to medium speed commercial centrifugal cream separators. Lubricating oil dewaxing relies on filtration or solvent crystallization rather than ultracentrifugation.
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- Engineering
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- Chemical Engineering
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