The operational mechanism of which analytical instrument relies on how the angle of refraction varies with chemical composition___________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. Refractometer
Explanation
A refractometer measures the refractive index of a substance to determine chemical composition. The operational mechanism relies on how the angle of refraction varies with concentration. Light passing through a sample bends at angles determined by the molecular composition. Refractive index is a fundamental physical property of transparent liquid and solid substances. Snell's law governs the relationship between angles of incidence and refraction in optics. Optical instruments use prisms and light sensors to measure critical angles with high precision.
Food and beverage industries use refractometers to measure sugar content in juices and syrups. Chemical laboratories rely on refractive index to verify the purity of synthesized compounds. Automotive coolant testers use optical refraction to determine antifreeze concentration levels. A polarimeter measures optical rotation angles rather than light refraction characteristics. A polarograph analyzes electrochemical reduction potentials using dropping mercury electrodes. A spectrometer separates light wavelengths to analyze elemental composition or molecular structures.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Chemical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
Related questions
Q1. An amplitude ratio value of 0.1 corresponds to how many _____________ decibels?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. -20
The decibel value for an amplitude ratio is calculated using twenty times the base-ten logarithm. Evaluating the logarithm of zero point one yields negative one multiplied by twenty. This mathematical operation results i...
Q2. What is the fundamental concept behind cascade control _______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. More than one feed-back loop
Cascade control architecture utilizes two nested feedback loops to improve disturbance rejection. A secondary inner loop corrects disturbances before they significantly affect the primary variable. This multi-loop strate...
Q3. Which material is never used to fabricate Bourdon tubes________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. Cast iron
Cast iron is brittle and lacks the necessary elasticity and tensile strength for Bourdon tubes. Bourdon tubes require ductile materials that can deflect elastically under internal pressure changes. Cast iron would fractu...
Q4. A mass spectrometer is employed for compositional analysis of ______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. An isotope
A mass spectrometer separates ionized particles based on their unique mass-to-charge ratios. This precise separation capability makes mass spectrometry highly effective for analyzing isotopes. Different atomic isotopes p...
Q5. The characteristic polynomial equation forms the denominator of which transfer function loop ____________ loop?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Closed
The denominator of a closed-loop transfer function equated to zero forms the characteristic equation. Roots of this characteristic polynomial determine overall system stability and transient response. Therefore, the char...
Q6. Under what conditions does a radiation pyrometer maintain accurate temperature measurement without interference ?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Object and surrounding are at almost the same temperature
Radiation pyrometry remains unaffected by background interference when surroundings match object temperature. Thermal radiation emitted by the background equals the radiation reflected by the target object. This thermal...