The maximum principal stress failure theory is applied to_____________________?
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Answer: B. brittle materials
Explanation
The maximum principal stress failure theory, also known as Rankine's theory, is primarily used for brittle materials. Brittle materials exhibit significantly lower tensile strength than compressive strength, making maximum principal stress the critical failure criterion. According to this hypothesis, material failure occurs whenever the maximum principal tensile stress reaches the ultimate tensile strength limit. Failure theories are mathematical models used by engineers to predict when structural components will yield or fracture under complex loads. Brittle materials like cast iron and concrete fail suddenly by cleavage fracture with virtually no plastic deformation preceding failure. Rankine's theory assumes that material behavior is completely isotropic and that maximum tensile stress governs brittle fracture behavior.
Option A is incorrect because ductile materials typically fail through shear yielding rather than maximum principal tensile stress. Option C is overly broad because elastic behavior describes stress-strain proportionality rather than a specific material fracture mode. Option D is wrong because applying this theory to ductile materials would yield dangerously inaccurate and unsafe structural designs.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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