The electric furnace technique used to manufacture phosphorus relies on phosphate rock along with _________________________?
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Answer: D. Silica and coke
Explanation
Elemental phosphorus production in an electric furnace requires phosphate rock combined with silica (sand) and coke. Coke acts as a chemical reducing agent converting phosphate to elemental phosphorus vapor at high temperatures. Silica flux reacts with calcium impurities in the rock to form a molten slag separated easily from the furnace. Electrothermal reduction processes provide the extreme temperatures needed to reduce calcium phosphate mineral ores. Phosphate rock, primarily fluoroapatite, serves as the primary mined mineral raw material for phosphorus production. Submerged electric arc furnaces supply the intense thermal energy required for endothermic reduction reactions.
Phosphoric acid is a product rather than a raw material fed into electric reduction furnaces for phosphorus manufacture. Coke alone lacks the necessary fluxing agents to remove calcium impurities and form a fluid slag layer. Sulfuric acid is used in wet-process phosphoric acid production rather than high-temperature electric furnace reduction.
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- Engineering
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- Chemical Engineering
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