The detrimental effects of stress concentration under static loading conditions are most prominent in__________________?
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Answer: B. brittle materials
Explanation
Brittle materials lack the capacity for microscopic plastic yielding around sharp notch tips. Stress concentrations create severe localized stress spikes that easily trigger brittle crack propagation. Static loads exacerbate these peak stresses because there is no localized yielding to redistribute forces. Stress concentration factors quantify how much higher local stresses are compared to nominal stress. Discontinuities like holes, fillets, and keyways interrupt smooth internal stress flow lines. Brittle fracture occurs suddenly with little to no prior visible plastic deformation.
Cast iron and glass structures require generous fillet radii to mitigate dangerous stress concentrations. Engineers must inspect brittle components carefully for surface scratches that act as crack starters. Static structural failures in ceramic bridges often originate from unmitigated stress concentrations. Ductile materials can relieve stress peaks locally through plastic deformation and strain hardening. The detrimental impact is definitively worse in brittle materials than in ductile metal counterparts. Predictability remains high when proper theoretical stress concentration factors are applied correctly.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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