Rankine's theory of failure is appropriately applied to which of the following material types___________________?
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Answer: A. brittle
Explanation
Brittle materials fail primarily by sudden cleavage fracture rather than plastic yielding. Rankine theory assumes failure occurs when maximum normal stress reaches ultimate limit. Ductile materials deform extensively before breaking making maximum normal stress inapplicable. Rankine failure theory is also known historically as the maximum normal stress theory. Brittle substances exhibit very little plastic deformation prior to sudden catastrophic structural failure. The criterion compares principal tensile stress directly against the ultimate tensile strength.
This theory is frequently applied in the design of cast iron structural machine components. Engineers use this criterion to prevent brittle fracture in glass ceramic or rock structures. It ensures safe operation by predicting failure limits for materials prone to sudden cracking. Ductile materials typically fail through shear yielding rather than direct normal stress cleavage. Elastic materials describe a behavioral property rather than a distinct permanent failure mode. Plastic materials undergo substantial permanent deformation before reaching any ultimate fracture point.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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