Identify the correct statement among the choices?
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Answer: D. Tempering of a material improves ductility & toughness but reduces hardness & brittleness
Explanation
Over-consolidated clays have previously experienced higher overburden stresses, making them much stiffer. This prior geological preloading results in a lower coefficient of compressibility compared to soft soft clays. Consequently, over-consolidated clay layers undergo significantly less settlement under new engineering loads. Over-consolidation ratio measures the maximum past effective stress relative to current overburden pressure. Normally consolidated clays have never experienced stresses exceeding their present overburden weight. Odometer laboratory tests generate compression curves illustrating the stiffness differences between these soil types.
Building structures over heavily over-consolidated clay deposits results in minimal consolidation settlement. Geotechnical engineers account for over-consolidation history when predicting long-term foundation movements. Excavating deep foundations in over-consolidated clays can induce significant swelling and heave movements. Option B incorrectly claims over-consolidated clays are more compressible than normally consolidated ones. Stating compressibility is constant for any clay ignores the profound impact of stress history on soil stiffness. Stating none of the above are correct ignores the accurate comparative statement provided in option A.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Chemical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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