How will the capillary rise or depression of a liquid column behave if the diameter of the containing tube is enlarged_______________?
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Answer: D. decrease
Explanation
Capillary rise and depression are inversely proportional to the inside diameter of the containing glass tube or channel. Enlarging the tube diameter increases the cross-sectional area relative to the perimeter, weakening upward capillary suction forces. Consequently, larger diameter pipes exhibit significantly smaller capillary heights compared to microscopic tubes under identical fluid conditions. Capillarity occurs when surface tension forces pull liquid columns upward or push them downward inside narrow tubular channels. The mathematical formula for capillary height features tube radius directly in the denominator, proving inverse proportionality. Adhesive forces between liquid molecules and tube walls struggle to lift heavier core volumes in wide-bore conduit geometries.
Remaining unaffected is incorrect because tube diameter directly dictates the magnitude of capillary height according to physical laws. Claiming the effect may increase or decrease arbitrarily ignores the strict mathematical inverse relationship governing capillary phenomena. Calling the response completely unpredictable overlooks well-established laboratory experiments proving consistent height decreases in wider tubes.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Civil Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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