How does increasing the diameter of a capillary tube affect the liquid rise or depression caused by surface tension________________?
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Answer: D. decrease
Explanation
Capillary rise or depression is inversely proportional to the radius and diameter of the tube. An increase in tube diameter reduces the upward pulling force relative to the liquid weight. Consequently, larger capillary tubes result in a smaller liquid height change compared to smaller tubes. Capillary action occurs due to intermolecular forces between liquid molecules and solid container boundaries. The Jurin height formula expresses capillary rise as inversely proportional to the tube radius or diameter. Surface tension and contact angle act along the wetted perimeter to pull or push the liquid column.
Trees draw water through microscopic xylem vessels utilizing these exact capillary pressure mechanisms. Soil science relies on capillary principles to understand moisture retention and groundwater movement dynamics. Medical testing equipment often uses microfluidic capillary channels to transport blood samples automatically. Option A suggests an increase, which contradicts the well-established inverse proportionality in capillary physics. Option B incorrectly claims the height remains unaffected despite changing the geometric boundary dimensions. Option C incorrectly implies the effect depends on unpredictable traits instead of clear geometric laws.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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