How does an increase in Poisson’s ratio affect the volumetric change of a material under tension ________________?
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Answer: B. decrease
Explanation
Poisson ratio relates lateral strain to longitudinal strain under applied axial loads. An increased ratio means the material contracts much more in the transverse directions when stretched. Higher lateral contraction directly reduces the net volume change experienced by the material under tension. Poisson ratio is a fundamental elastic constant characteristic of isotropic solid materials. Volume change in a stretched bar depends on the net difference between longitudinal and lateral strains. For most common metals, Poisson ratio ranges between zero point two five and zero point three five.
Designing rubber seals and elastomeric components requires careful consideration of lateral volume changes. Geotechnical engineers account for Poisson effects when analyzing soil and rock mass deformations. Advanced composite materials use tailored Poisson ratios to achieve specific multi-axial mechanical properties. Option A incorrectly assumes that higher lateral contraction leads to an overall expansion in volume. Option C ignores the direct mathematical dependence of volumetric strain on the Poisson ratio. Option D incorrectly introduces a non-linear two-stage trend for standard linear elastic materials.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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