Gaseous hydrogen is not manufactured commercially for nitrogenous fertilizer production via _____________________?
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Answer: A. Iron-steam reaction
Explanation
The iron-steam reaction is an outdated historical method that was never economical for large fertilizer plants. Modern nitrogenous fertilizer production demands massive quantities of hydrogen that require continuous high capacity processes. Using iron and steam generates hydrogen too slowly for commercial ammonia synthesis requirements. Commercial hydrogen is primarily manufactured via steam reforming of natural gas or light petroleum naphtha. Electrolysis of water produces very pure hydrogen but consumes substantial electrical power making it costly. Cryogenic separation of coke oven gas recovers hydrogen rich streams in integrated steel plant complexes.
Nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonia require abundant cheap hydrogen to react with atmospheric nitrogen. Industrial chemical engineers select synthesis routes based on raw material availability and overall energy efficiency. Large scale agricultural demands dictate that hydrogen production must be highly optimized and continuous. Electrolysis of water remains a viable commercial route for producing hydrogen where electricity is cheap. Steam reforming of naphtha serves as a major industrial source of hydrogen for chemical synthesis. Cryogenic separation of coke oven gas is a recognized method for recovering hydrogen in industrial settings.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Chemical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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