Fugacity functions as a measurement of____________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. Escaping tendencies of the same substance in different phases of a system
Explanation
Fugacity measures the escaping tendency of a chemical species between different phases. At phase equilibrium, the fugacity of a substance remains identical in all coexisting phases. It provides a rigorous thermodynamic driving force for mass transfer across phase boundaries. The concept was introduced by Gilbert Newton Lewis to simplify chemical equilibrium calculations. It possesses the dimensions of pressure and relates directly to chemical potential. Phase equilibria govern processes like vaporization, condensation, absorption, and extraction.
Chemical engineers use this escaping tendency principle to design multi-stage separation units. It determines component distribution between liquid and vapor phases in distillation. Phase separation efficiency depends heavily on minimizing chemical potential gradients. Option B refers to relative volatility which measures separation ease in distillation columns. Option C describes ideal gas behavior rather than defining the fugacity property itself. Option A correctly identifies escaping tendencies as the primary physical meaning of fugacity.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Chemical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
Related questions
Q1. What is the nutrient composition implied by a -10-5 fertilizer rating______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. 5, 10, 5% respectively of N2, P2O5 and K2O
Fertilizer grades conventionally indicate the percentage composition of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash respectively. A standard numeric rating provides guaranteed analysis percentages for these three primary plant nutri...
Q2. How does the required number of stages respond when the reflux ratio in a continuous counter-current extraction setup is elevated_______________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Decrease
Increasing the reflux ratio returns more solvent back into the extraction column. This higher internal liquid traffic enriches the counter-current streams and improves separation efficiency. Consequently, fewer equilibri...
Q3. What is the reaction order depicted in the accompanying graphic, characterized by the rate expression -rA = KCA_________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. 3
The rate expression convention and matching graphic coefficients determine reaction kinetics order. Complex chemical kinetics models evaluate the overall exponent sum in rate laws. Based on the provided rate expression p...
Q4. As ambient temperature climbs, the atomic heat capacities corresponding to all solid elemental substances_________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. Increases
According to the Dulong-Petit law and general thermodynamic behavior, atomic heat capacities increase at high temperatures. Thermal agitation allows lattice atoms to vibrate with greater amplitudes, absorbing more therma...
Q5. How does the internal energy of a substance respond to an increase in temperature___________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. Increases
Internal energy represents the total microscopic kinetic and potential energy stored within a given substance. Raising the temperature increases the average translational and rotational kinetic energy of its constituent...
Q6. What is the amount of work performed during the free expansion of a gas____________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Zero
Free expansion involves a gas rushing into an evacuated chamber against zero opposing external pressure. Mechanical work done is defined as the product of external pressure and the resulting volume change. Since external...