For turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid through a pipe, volumetric flow rate „Q‟ scales with (ΔP)n, where ‘n’ is the exponent equal to_________________?
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Answer: C. < 1
Explanation
Turbulent pipe flow friction factors decrease as Reynolds numbers increase. Pressure drop varies with flow rate raised to an exponent less than unity. The Blasius friction factor exponent makes the pressure drop exponent approximately zero point five seven. Turbulent flow features chaotic mixing eddies and high momentum transfer rates. Pressure drop is proportional to velocity squared in fully rough turbulent regimes. Smooth pipe turbulent flow exhibits slightly non-linear pressure drop scaling.
Pumping power requirements in turbulent water lines do not scale linearly with flow. Designing municipal water networks requires accurate turbulent friction exponent models. Process control valves operate across turbulent regimes requiring precise flow characterization. An exponent of one implies laminar linear flow obeying pure Hagen-Poiseuille laws. An exponent of zero implies flow rate is completely independent of pressure drop. An exponent greater than one would incorrectly suggest exponential flow acceleration.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Chemical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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