Fluid with a kinematic viscosity of 0.4 cm2/sec moves through an 8 cm diameter pipe. What will be the peak velocity for laminar flow__________________?
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Answer: B. 1 m/sec
Explanation
Using pipe dimensions and fluid kinematic viscosity parameters, peak laminar velocity calculates correctly. For laminar pipe flow, peak velocity occurs at the centerline and equals twice the mean velocity. Substituting the given viscosity and pipe diameter into Hagen-Poiseuille equations yields 1 m/sec. Laminar flow in circular pipes is characterized by smooth concentric layers of fluid sliding past one another. Kinematic viscosity relates dynamic fluid viscosity to its density under specific temperature conditions. Reynolds number must remain below two thousand to ensure stable laminar flow regime maintenance.
Hydraulic engineers use laminar flow equations to design lubrication systems and viscous fluid pipelines. Calculating peak velocity helps determine maximum shear stresses exerted on pipe interior walls. Accurate velocity profiles are essential for analyzing pressure losses in low-speed fluid transport. A peak velocity less than 1 m/sec underestimates the theoretical centerline velocity for these parameters. Stating 1.5 m/sec overestimates the calculated maximum velocity derived from standard laminar equations. A velocity of 2 m/sec fails to match the exact mathematical solution for the given pipe geometry.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Civil Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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