Excessive charging leads to______________?
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Answer: D. all above
Explanation
Excessive charging produces excessive gassing as electrical energy decomposes water into hydrogen and oxygen. This vigorous gassing loosens active materials from the supporting grid structures of the battery plates. High charging currents also increase internal temperature significantly, resulting in harmful mechanical buckling of plates. Overcharging forces continuous current through a fully replenished battery without performing useful chemical storage. Thermal expansion caused by excessive heat generation stresses internal plate welds and separators. Plate buckling creates internal short circuits and permanently ruins the affected storage cell.
Automotive charging systems use voltage regulators to prevent overcharging during long road trips. Battery maintenance technicians monitor temperature and gassing rates during equalization charges to avoid damage. Avoiding excessive charging protects expensive industrial power systems from catastrophic failure. Listing only excessive gassing ignores the concurrent problems of active material shedding and plate buckling. Focusing solely on loosened active materials neglects the critical temperature increases caused by overcharging. Selecting only plate temperature rise overlooks the mechanical damage caused by vigorous gas evolution.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Electrical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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