________________ drops during the adiabatic throttling of an ideal gas?
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Answer: D. Pressure
Explanation
Adiabatic throttling involves expanding a fluid across a restriction without any heat transfer occurring. The steady-flow energy equation demonstrates that fluid enthalpy remains strictly constant during this expansion. Frictional pressure drop occurs irreversibly as the fluid passes through the narrow constriction. Throttling is an isenthalpic process governed primarily by the first law of thermodynamics for open systems. For an ideal gas, internal energy and enthalpy depend exclusively on temperature rather than pressure. Since enthalpy remains constant and temperature does not change, the pressure must drop significantly.
Throttling valves are frequently utilized in refrigeration cycles to reduce high refrigerant pressures. Pressure reduction in gas distribution pipelines relies on similar expansion and throttling principles. Engineers monitor pressure drops across valves to ensure proper flow control in chemical plants. Option A is incorrect because throttling is an irreversible process that always generates entropy. Option B is wrong because the temperature of an ideal gas remains unchanged during throttling. Option C is incorrect because enthalpy is conserved and remains constant throughout the throttling process.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Chemical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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