An Orsat apparatus is an analytical instrument used for__________________?
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Answer: B. volumetric analysis of the flue gases
Explanation
An Orsat apparatus is a classical chemical laboratory instrument used in combustion analysis. It measures the volume percentages of various gas constituents present in flue gas samples. Absorption pipettes selectively remove specific gases, making it a volumetric analysis device. Flue gases typically contain carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. Chemical absorbents such as potassium hydroxide and pyrogallol are used to trap specific gases. Gas volumes are measured before and after chemical absorption steps at constant temperature and pressure.
Power plant operators use flue gas analysis to verify combustion efficiency and excess air levels. Optimizing combustion reduces fuel consumption and minimizes harmful atmospheric pollutant emissions. While electronic analyzers are common today, the Orsat apparatus remains a foundational analytical tool. Gravimetric analysis measures mass rather than volumetric gas percentages using chemical absorption. Mass flow measurements require flow meters and pressure sensors rather than Orsat gas absorption pipettes. Measuring smoke density requires optical opacity instruments rather than chemical gas absorption apparatus.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Mechanical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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