According to Newton’s law of viscosity, shear stress is directly proportional to the _____________ and the proportionality constant is termed dynamic or absolute viscosity, where V represents velocity and Vg represents the velocity gradient ?
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Answer: D. Vg
Explanation
Newton law of viscosity states shear stress is proportional to velocity gradient. Dynamic viscosity serves as the linear proportionality constant in the equation. The velocity gradient represents the spatial change in fluid velocity profiles. Viscosity measures a fluid resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress. Newtonian fluids maintain a constant dynamic viscosity regardless of shear rate. Velocity gradients occur in fluid flow due to solid boundary wall friction.
Pipeline transport design requires accurate fluid viscosity data for pumping calculations. Lubrication engineering relies on viscosity principles to maintain protective oil films. Hydraulic systems depend on predictable fluid flow behavior under varying stress conditions. Velocity squared does not appear in the linear Newtonian shear stress equation. Inverse velocity squared is physically incorrect for standard viscous fluid flow. Inverse velocity gradient contradicts the direct proportionality stated in fluid mechanics.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Chemical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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