A vapor whose existing partial pressure falls below its equilibrium vapor pressure is designated as a ______________ vapor?
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Answer: C. Superheated
Explanation
A vapor whose existing partial pressure falls below its equilibrium vapor pressure is designated as superheated. This condition indicates the vapor is maintained at a temperature higher than the saturation temperature for that pressure. Superheated vapors contain extra sensible heat energy and exist completely free from liquid droplets. Equilibrium vapor pressure represents the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic balance with its liquid. Saturation occurs when a vapor exerts a partial pressure equal to its maximum possible vapor pressure. Sensible heat increases vapor temperature above the saturation point without causing immediate phase condensation.
Power plant steam turbines require superheated steam to prevent blade erosion caused by moisture droplets. Air conditioning systems utilize superheated refrigerants to ensure compressors ingest only dry gas phases. Chemical process engineers prevent unwanted condensation in gas pipelines by maintaining superheated vapor states. A saturated vapor has a partial pressure exactly equal to its equilibrium vapor pressure at that temperature. A supersaturated vapor contains more vapor than theoretically allowed, exceeding its normal equilibrium pressure. Stating none of these is incorrect because superheated accurately defines the described vapor state.
- Subject
- Engineering
- Category
- Chemical Engineering
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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