What term did Howard Becker use for the ritualistic process of accusing, sermonizing, and punishing individuals_______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. labeling
Explanation
Howard Becker used labeling theory to describe the process of categorizing deviants. Ritualistic accusations and punishments reinforce the deviant label on individuals. Society creates deviance by successfully applying rules to perceived offenders. Labeling theory belongs to the symbolic interactionist perspective in sociology. Primary deviance involves initial rule-breaking, while secondary deviance stems from labels. Howard Becker published foundational work on labeling in his book Outsiders.
Criminal justice systems often create self-fulfilling prophecies through harsh labeling. Educational tracking can stigmatize students with negative academic labels. Social workers strive to avoid stigmatizing clients with counterproductive labels. Option A refers to the initial act of rule-breaking before public labeling. Option B represents the subsequent behavior resulting from accepting a label. Option C denotes later stages of deviant identity adoption.
Related questions
Q1. By what form of authority did Adolf Hitler command the German populace through emotional rhetoric________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. personal charisma
Adolf Hitler relied on personal charisma to command the German populace. His emotional rhetoric inspired intense devotion and loyalty among followers. Charismatic authority depends on perceived extraordinary personal qua...
Q2. What major historical forces impact the trajectory of nations_______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. BOTH fluctuations in the distribution of power and technological progress
Shifting distributions of global power alter the geopolitical trajectories of sovereign nations. Technological progress drives economic growth and transforms military and social capabilities. Both power fluctuations and...
Q3. A defining characteristic of government is a(n)_______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. all of the above
Governments operate through structured statuses, norms, and systems of defense. Maintaining social order requires clear institutional rules and roles. All mentioned characteristics define how governments function in soci...
Q4. Into what kind of pre-existing social environment are human beings born_______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. the result of cultural development over previous generation
Humans are born into pre-existing social environments built by past generations. Culture and social structures exist long before any individual newborn arrives. Each generation inherits accumulated knowledge, traditions,...
Q5. In what measurable ways is global inequality manifested_______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. all of the above
Global inequality appears clearly in stark disparities across average family sizes. Per capita economic indicators reveal massive income gaps between developed and developing nations. Resource waste and consumption patte...
Q6. What essential care and social inputs do human infants require to mature into successful adults______________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: D. all of the above
Human infants require cognitive learning, social interaction, and physical touch. These comprehensive inputs are vital for healthy psychological development. Depriving infants of these essential needs leads to severe dev...