What term describes the phase of accelerated population expansion situated between a preindustrial state of high birth and death rates and a modern state of low mortality and fertility ?
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Answer: A. demographic transition
Explanation
Demographic transition tracks population dynamics during industrialization and modernization. Death rates decline first due to better medicine before birth rates eventually fall. This historical shift explains rapid population growth phases across various nations. Warren Thompson formulated the demographic transition model based on historical European data. Preindustrial societies feature high birth and death rates balancing total population. Modern societies experience low mortality and fertility rates stabilizing growth rates.
Developing countries experience rapid population booms as healthcare improvements reduce mortality. Urbanization and female education play major roles in lowering modern birth rates. Governments analyze demographic shifts to plan future pension and healthcare systems. Population maturity describes stable age distributions rather than historical transition phases. Demobilizing populations refers to military personnel returning to civilian life after wars. Birth-death transformation is an informal descriptor rather than standard demographic terminology.
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