Societies where ascribed statuses are common include______________?
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Answer: D. A and C only
Explanation
Feudal estate systems assigned social standing rigidly based on birth and family lineage. Caste systems in traditional societies prevented upward mobility through ascribed birth status. Both historical structures relied heavily on ascribed rather than achieved social statuses. Ascribed statuses are social positions assigned to individuals at birth without regard to effort. Industrial societies contrast with caste systems by emphasizing achieved status through merit. Sociological stratification research compares open class systems with closed caste systems.
Historical European feudalism organized peasants and nobility into rigid, hereditary social estates. Traditional Indian social organization utilized birth castes to determine occupation and marriage. Modern democratic societies promote social mobility to reduce reliance on ascribed statuses. Industrial societies like the United States rely primarily on achieved status rather than birth. Option B describes class-based industrial systems rather than rigid ascribed hierarchies. Excluding industrial societies makes options A and C the only correct combination.
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