Malthus proposed which of the following as methods for population control________________?
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Answer: D. all of the above
Explanation
Thomas Malthus proposed preventive checks on population growth, including moral restraint through late marriage. Celibacy and sexual abstinence were also recommended to curb rising birth rates before famine occurred. Because Malthus advocated for all three methods, selecting all of the above is the correct choice. Thomas Malthus published An Essay on the Principle of Population in 1798, warning about exponential population growth. Malthusian theory argued that food production grows arithmetically while population grows geometrically. He distinguished between preventive checks that lower birth rates and positive checks like war and disease.
Demographers frequently reference Malthusian theories when analyzing modern global population and resource challenges. Environmental activists study resource scarcity limits using frameworks inspired by early Malthusian predictions. Public health policies often address population growth dynamics in developing nations facing resource constraints. Option A is correct on its own but fails to account for celibacy and abstinence which Malthus also proposed. Option B highlights abstinence but omits late marriage and celibacy from his comprehensive prevention list. Option C covers celibacy alone while neglecting the other proposed moral restraint methods.
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