Which of the following represents a non-spontaneous cell?
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Answer: A. Electrolytic cell
Explanation
An electrolytic cell requires a continuous external electrical power source to drive non-spontaneous redox reactions. Gibbs free energy change for processes inside an electrolytic cell remains positive under standard operating conditions. Electrical energy forces electrons to flow in non-favored directions to achieve desired chemical transformations. Electrochemical cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa depending on their operational configuration. Non-spontaneous reactions cannot proceed without external work input because their equilibrium position strongly favors reactants. Common industrial applications of electrolytic cells include electroplating metals and manufacturing chlorine gas through brine electrolysis.
Option B is incorrect because galvanic cells operate spontaneously to generate electrical energy from chemical reactions. Option C is a specific type of galvanic cell that produces electricity spontaneously through favorable redox couples. Option D is an invalid choice that does not represent a recognized category of electrochemical cell systems.
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