Which action will leave the equilibrium concentration of ammonia unchanged ?
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Answer: C. Addition of catalyst
Explanation
Catalysts increase the forward and reverse reaction rates equally through alternative reaction pathways. Because both rates increase by the exact same factor, the position of chemical equilibrium remains untouched. Addition of catalyst leaves equilibrium concentrations and equilibrium constants entirely unchanged. Chemical equilibrium represents a dynamic state where forward and reverse reaction speeds are equal. Catalysts lower the activation energy barrier for a reaction without being consumed in the process. Le Chatelier principle explains how concentration, pressure, and temperature shifts alter equilibrium positions.
Industrial ammonia synthesis uses iron catalysts to reach equilibrium faster without sacrificing product yield. Catalytic converters in automobiles speed up pollutant conversion rates during transient driving conditions. Enzymes function as biological catalysts that accelerate metabolic reactions inside living cellular systems. Increasing system pressure shifts equilibrium toward the side with fewer moles of gaseous components. Increasing reaction volume decreases partial pressures, shifting equilibrium toward the side with more moles. Decreasing temperature alters equilibrium concentrations based on whether the overall reaction is exothermic.
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