What separation technique relies on the principles of the distribution law___________________?
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Answer: C. Solvent extraction
Explanation
Solvent extraction separates compounds based on their differential solubility in two immiscible liquids. The distribution law governs how a solute partitions itself between the two liquid phases. Repeated extractions maximize the recovery of the desired solute from the original solvent. Immiscible solvents like water and organic ether form two distinct layers due to polarity differences. Nernst distribution law states that a solute distributes between two solvents in a constant concentration ratio. Separation techniques are essential for isolating pure substances from complex chemical reaction mixtures.
Pharmaceutical laboratories use solvent extraction extensively to isolate natural medicinal compounds from plants. Environmental testing laboratories extract organic pollutants from water samples using organic solvents. Chemical manufacturing processes rely on liquid-liquid extraction to purify commercial organic products. Option A describes sublimation, which involves direct solid-to-gas phase transitions upon heating. Option B relies on solubility differences at varying temperatures to grow pure solid crystals. Option D separates volatile liquid mixtures based on differences in their boiling point temperatures.
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