What is the atomic number of the element possessing the maximum possible unpaired electrons within its p-subshell_______________?
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Answer: A. 7
Explanation
Nitrogen, with atomic number seven, possesses the maximum possible unpaired electrons in its p-subshell. Its electron configuration is one s two, two s two, two p three. Hund rule states that electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up. The p-subshell contains three distinct orbitals capable of holding up to six electrons total. Three p electrons fill three separate orbitals singly, resulting in three parallel unpaired spins. Adding a fourth electron forces pairing, which decreases the count of unpaired electrons.
Maximum unpaired electrons give nitrogen high exchange energy and electronic stability. Understanding Hund rule helps explain magnetic properties and electron configurations of elements. It is a fundamental concept taught when introducing quantum numbers and orbital filling rules. Atomic number ten corresponds to neon, which has a completely filled p-subshell with zero unpaired electrons. Atomic number twelve represents magnesium, featuring a fully filled s-subshell valence structure. Atomic number sixteen is sulfur, which has four p electrons resulting in fewer unpaired spins.
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