The sulfonic acid group in benzene sulfonic acid links to the aromatic ring through ___________________?
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Answer: C. Sulphur
Explanation
In benzene sulfonic acid, the sulfonic functional group is bonded directly to the aromatic ring carbon. This covalent linkage is formed specifically between the aromatic ring carbon atom and a sulfur atom. The sulfur atom serves as the central bridge connecting the aromatic ring to the sulfonic acid moiety. Aromatic sulfonic acids are important organosulfur compounds frequently used in the synthesis of dyes and detergents. Sulfonation of benzene involves electrophilic aromatic substitution using fuming sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide reagents. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between adjacent atoms in molecular chemical structures.
Hydrogen atoms are peripheral substituents on the aromatic ring and do not serve as internal linking atoms. Oxygen atoms connect the sulfur to hydroxyl groups within the acid moiety but do not link it directly to carbon. The hydroxyl group option describes alcohols or carboxylic acids rather than the sulfur linkage in sulfonic acids.
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