The distribution ratio of a solute between an organic and an aqueous solvent is known as________________?
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Answer: B. Distribution co-efficient
Explanation
The distribution ratio of a solute between an organic and an aqueous solvent is known as distribution co-efficient. This partition coefficient measures how a chemical compound divides itself between two immiscible liquids. Equilibrium concentrations of the solute in each solvent layer determine the exact distribution value. Solvent extraction relies heavily on differences in distribution coefficients to separate chemical compounds. Immiscible solvents like water and ether form two distinct layers when placed in a separatory funnel. Nernst distribution law states that a solute distributes itself between two phases in a constant concentration ratio.
Organic chemists use liquid-liquid extraction to isolate desired products from complex reaction mixtures. Environmental scientists track pesticide runoff by studying their distribution coefficients in natural waters. Pharmaceutical researchers evaluate drug lipophilicity using partition coefficients to predict cell membrane permeability. Option A is incorrect because retardation factor is used in chromatography to measure compound migration. Option C is wrong because distribution in aqueous solution fails to account for the second organic solvent. Option D is incorrect because stating all statements are wrong ignores the correct partition coefficient definition.
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