Petroleum fractional distillation yields gasoline up to a boiling fraction of ________________?
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Answer: C. 20%
Explanation
Fractional distillation of petroleum yields gasoline as a lighter fraction boiling typically up to about 20% of the total crude oil output. Refinery distillation towers separate crude oil components based on differences in boiling point ranges. Gasoline components vaporize and condense in the upper, cooler sections of the fractionating column, representing approximately 20% of volume. Fractional distillation is a physical separation process that exploits varying boiling points to divide crude oil into useful fractions. Lighter hydrocarbon fractions include refinery gases and gasoline, whereas heavier fractions yield diesel, lubricating oil, and asphalt. Friedrich Hensel and early petroleum engineers developed large-scale fractional distillation towers to process crude oil efficiently.
Option A suggests 10%, which underestimates the typical volumetric yield of gasoline obtained from standard crude oil distillations. Option B suggests 15%, which is slightly lower than the average petroleum fraction yield typically recovered as gasoline. Option D suggests 30%, which exceeds the standard fractional yield of gasoline unless secondary cracking processes are applied.
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