In the coordination complex [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3], the central metal coordination number is __________________?
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Answer: D. 6
Explanation
In the coordination complex, the chromium ion is coordinated to six monodentate ligands. Three hydroxide ions and three water molecules act as neutral or anionic ligands attached to chromium. The total number of coordinate covalent bonds formed with the central metal equals its coordination number. Coordination number refers to the total number of ligand donor atoms bonded to the central metal. Chromium is a transition metal that frequently forms octahedral complexes with a coordination number of six. Ligands donate electron pairs to empty d orbitals on the central metal ion to form complexes.
Coordination chemistry is vital for understanding colored metal complexes and metalloenzymes. Chromium complexes exhibit fascinating isomerization and color variations in chemical solutions. Analytical chemistry uses coordination compounds for selective metal ion precipitation and titration. Two is too low and does not reflect the octahedral geometry of this chromium complex. Three counts only half of the ligands, ignoring the full complement of six attached groups. Four typically describes tetrahedral or square planar complexes rather than this octahedral species.
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