Filling of molecular orbitals proceeds according to _________________?
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Answer: D. All these
Explanation
The filling of atomic and molecular orbitals follows the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle simultaneously. These three fundamental rules govern how electrons distribute themselves into available energy states within any given chemical species. Ignoring any single one of these foundational quantum mechanical rules results in an impossible or inaccurate electron configuration. The Aufbau principle states that electrons occupy the lowest available energy orbitals before filling higher energy levels successively. Hund's rule dictates that degenerate orbitals must be singly occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied by paired electrons. The Pauli exclusion principle mandates that no two identical electrons in an atom can possess the same set of quantum numbers.
Option A covers only the energy filling sequence but ignores pairing restrictions and orbital multiplicity requirements of quantum mechanics. Option B focuses solely on maximum multiplicity in degenerate orbitals without addressing energy levels or electron spin constraints. Option C restricts electron spins within orbitals but completely omits the energy ordering rules required for complete orbital filling.
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