Alkanes containing up to how many carbon atoms exist as gases at room conditions___________________?
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Answer: C. 4
Explanation
Alkanes with very low molecular weights possess weak intermolecular forces of attraction. This causes them to remain in the gaseous state at standard ambient room temperatures. Carbon chain lengths up to four carbon atoms ensure these molecules exist as gases. Methane, ethane, propane, and butane represent the first four members of the alkane series. As molecular weight increases beyond four carbons, intermolecular dispersion forces strengthen. Higher molecular weight alkanes transition into liquids and eventually solid waxy substances.
Natural gas consists primarily of methane and ethane used for residential heating systems. Liquefied petroleum gas tanks store propane and butane safely under moderate pressure. Chemical industries track boiling point trends to fractionally distill petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures. Two carbon atoms restricts the gas phase to methane and ethane, ignoring propane and butane. Three carbon atoms leaves out butane, which also exists as a gas at room temperature. Six carbon atoms includes hexane, which is a liquid rather than a gas at ambient conditions.
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