According to which law is the rate of gas effusion inversely proportional to the square root of its density?
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Answer: A. Graham’s Law
Explanation
Graham's law mathematically relates gas effusion rates directly to molecular weight and density parameters. Thomas Graham discovered that heavier gas molecules effuse through tiny pinholes much slower than lighter ones. The inverse square root relationship accurately predicts relative gas movement speeds under identical conditions. Effusion describes the process where gas molecules escape through a microscopic orifice into a vacuum. Kinetic molecular theory provides the theoretical foundation explaining why lighter gases move at higher velocities. Density is directly proportional to molar mass for ideal gases at constant temperature and pressure.
This law is crucial in industrial isotope separation processes, such as enriching uranium hexafluoride gas. Understanding gas effusion rates helps chemical engineers design secure containment systems for volatile substances. Diffusion and effusion principles explain how various atmospheric gases mix and disperse across distances. Gay-Lussac's law describes the direct proportionality between gas pressure and absolute temperature at constant volume. Boyle's law establishes the inverse relationship existing between gas pressure and volume at constant temperature. The none option is incorrect because Graham's law correctly answers the fundamental gas effusion principle.
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