A central metallic atom bonded to a surrounding array of ligands is collectively termed____________________?
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Answer: B. coordination sphere
Explanation
A coordination sphere groups the central metal atom and its attached ligands together. Square brackets in chemical formulas visually delineate the contents of this specific sphere. The surrounding ligands donate electron pairs directly to the empty orbitals of the metal. Coordination chemistry studies compounds formed between metal atoms and electron-donating ligands. Complex ions often display vibrant colors and distinct magnetic properties in aqueous solutions. The overall charge of the coordination sphere depends on the metal and ligand charges.
Coordination compounds are vital in biological systems, such as hemoglobin carrying oxygen in blood. Industrial catalysts often rely on metal coordination complexes to accelerate chemical transformations. Metallurgy utilizes coordination chemistry for extracting and purifying transition metals from ores. A complex ion refers to the overall charged species rather than the specific bracketed sphere. A ligand is merely an individual electron donor molecule surrounding the central metal atom. A complex compound includes both the coordination sphere and any necessary counter ions.
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