Which of the following statements regarding the lysogenic phase of a bacteriophage life cycle is false_____________?
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Answer: C. Lysogenic bacteria may get infected by the related phage
Explanation
Lysogenic bacteria typically produce specific repressor proteins that prevent superinfection by the same phage type. This active immunity protects the host bacterium from being infected by related bacteriophages in the environment. Therefore, the statement claiming lysogenic bacteria easily get infected by related phages is demonstrably false. During the lysogenic cycle, viral DNA integrates into the host bacterial chromosome, becoming a stable prophage. The host bacterium continues to grow, divide, and replicate normally while carrying the integrated viral genome. Environmental stressors like ultraviolet radiation can trigger the prophage to excise and enter the lytic cycle.
Bacteriophage research helps scientists understand horizontal gene transfer and bacterial evolution in natural environments. Phage therapy utilizes specialized viruses to target pathogenic bacteria without disrupting beneficial human microbiome populations. Studying viral latency models provides insights into how human viruses like HIV establish persistent infections. When a phage genome incorporates into a bacterial chromosome, it is indeed correctly termed a prophage. The infected bacterium continues living and dividing normally during the stable lysogenic replication phase. Environmental exposure can successfully trigger the conversion from a lysogenic state into a destructive lytic cycle.
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