Insulin functions biologically as a human__________?
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Answer: B. Protein
Explanation
Insulin is a small protein hormone produced by specialized pancreatic beta cells in humans. Polypeptide chains fold into a functional tertiary protein structure required for biological activity. This protein structure allows insulin to bind specific cellular receptors to regulate blood glucose. Insulin was the first protein hormone to have its complete amino acid sequence fully mapped. Pancreatic islets of Langerhans synthesize and secrete insulin in response to elevated blood sugar levels. Protein degradation in digestion prevents oral insulin administration, requiring injections for diabetic patients.
Insulin therapy saves the lives of millions of individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Recombinant DNA technology allows mass production of human insulin using genetically modified microorganisms. Cellular uptake of circulating glucose depends entirely on the proper functioning of this protein hormone. Gene refers to a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for proteins rather than being a protein itself. Glucose is a simple monosaccharide carbohydrate serving as the primary cellular energy fuel source. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease condition rather than the molecular hormone molecule itself.
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