The horizontal water loss occurring within an irrigation channel or canal is referred to as: _________?
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Answer: C. Seepage
Explanation
Seepage refers specifically to the horizontal and lateral water loss through canal banks and beds. Water percolates through porous earthen soils, reducing the total discharge available downstream. Unlined channels experience significant volumetric water losses due to continuous lateral seepage. Darcy law governs groundwater percolation and seepage velocities through porous media. Canal lining materials like concrete or plastic membranes are installed to minimize seepage losses. High seepage rates can cause waterlogging and soil salinity issues in adjacent agricultural fields.
Irrigation efficiency projects focus heavily on reducing canal seepage to conserve scarce water resources. Agricultural planners factor seepage losses into water delivery schedules and reservoir storage needs. Geotechnical monitoring helps detect excessive seepage before it causes embankment piping failures. Option A refers to infiltration, which is the downward entry of water into surface soils. Option B denotes percolation, describing vertical water movement deep through the soil profile. Option D is incorrect because infiltration and percolation describe vertical rather than horizontal losses.
- Subject
- Agriculture
- Category
- Agriculture
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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