The biological degradation of proteinaceous substances is referred to as____________________?
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Answer: C. Proteolysis
Explanation
Proteolysis describes the biological degradation of proteinaceous substances into smaller peptides. Protease enzymes catalyze the cleavage of peptide bonds linking amino acid chains together. This breakdown occurs during digestion and protein turnover in living organisms. Proteins are complex macromolecules composed of long chains of individual amino acids. Intracellular proteolysis recycles damaged proteins and regulates various cellular pathways. Microbial fermentation relies heavily on proteolysis to flavor and break down foods.
Meat tenderizers utilize proteolytic enzymes derived from fruits like papaya and pineapple. Digestive physiology depends on gastric and pancreatic proteolysis to absorb amino acids. Cheese manufacturing involves controlled milk protein proteolysis to develop texture and flavor. Autolysis is the destruction of cells by their own enzymes rather than general proteolysis. Lipolysis is the breakdown of lipid and fat materials instead of proteinaceous substances. Option D is incorrect because proteolysis provides the accurate biological definition.
- Subject
- Agriculture
- Category
- Agriculture
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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