Plant succession is classified into categories such as:
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Answer: C. Both (a) & (b)
Explanation
Plant succession is broadly classified into primary succession occurring on sterile new substrates. Secondary succession represents ecological recovery following the disturbance of an existing community. Both pathways describe how plant communities gradually replace one another over long periods. Primary succession starts on bare rock or sand where no soil previously existed. Secondary succession happens rapidly because pre-existing soil contains dormant seeds and roots. Pioneer species gradually modify local environmental conditions to favor later successional plants.
Restoration ecologists use succession principles to rehabilitate degraded lands and damaged forests. Understanding successional stages helps predict how ecosystems recover after natural wildfire disasters. Conservation planning requires knowledge of climax communities to protect stable native habitats. Option A mentions only primary succession while ignoring recovery processes on disturbed soils. Option B lists secondary succession but fails to include pioneer colonization on bare ground. Option D is incorrect since both recognized types of ecological succession are valid.
- Subject
- Agriculture
- Category
- Forestry
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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