Nutrient enrichment of water bodies is known as:
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Answer: C. Eutrophication
Explanation
Eutrophication is the process of nutrient enrichment in water bodies, leading to rapid algal blooms and oxygen depletion. Excessive inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus stimulate explosive growth of phytoplankton and aquatic macrophytes. When these massive algal blooms die and decompose, microbial respiration consumes available dissolved oxygen, suffocating aquatic life. Nutrient enrichment typically occurs via agricultural fertilizer runoff, untreated sewage discharges, and industrial wastewater. Oligotrophic water bodies feature low nutrient levels and high water clarity, contrasting sharply with eutrophic systems. Cultural eutrophication accelerates this natural aging process through human activities over remarkably short timeframes.
Option A refers to mineralization which is the conversion of organic matter into inorganic mineral ions. Option B refers to oligotrophication which represents nutrient depletion rather than enrichment in water bodies. Options A and B describe chemical processes opposite to the nutrient loading characteristic of eutrophication.
- Subject
- Agriculture
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- Forestry
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- —
- Difficulty
- medium
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