In a pipe flowing entirely full, liquid particles attain their maximum velocity at __________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Centre of pipe
Explanation
Fluid velocity reaches its absolute maximum near the pipe centerline due to minimal friction interference. The fluid particles at the exact center experience the least amount of shear stress from pipe walls. Frictional resistance progressively slows down the liquid particles located closer to the inner pipe boundary walls. Fluid flow inside closed circular conduits exhibits a distinct parabolic velocity profile across the cross-section. No-slip boundary conditions dictate that fluid velocity drops to zero directly at the solid inner pipe wall. Hydraulic engineers utilize these velocity distribution principles to calculate accurate discharge rates and friction losses.
The top of the pipe experiences the same boundary layer restrictions as other wall areas, preventing peak velocity. The bottom of the pipe is subject to gravitational settling effects and high frictional boundary drag forces. Selecting all options is incorrect because liquid particles only attain peak velocity precisely along the centerline.
- Subject
- Agriculture
- Category
- Agriculture
- Topic
- —
- Difficulty
- medium
Related questions
Q1. Flow characterized by a constant volume of liquid passing per second is termed ___________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Steady flow
Steady flow is characterized by a constant volume of liquid passing a given cross-section per unit time. Under steady conditions, fluid velocity and pressure at any specific point do not fluctuate over time. Discharge re...
Q2. A module or outlet where discharge is governed by the head difference between the distributary and the watercourse is designated as ___________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: A. Non-modular
Non-modular outlets have discharges that vary with the head difference between the distribution channel and the watercourse. Because the flow rate depends on downstream water levels, precise discharge control is difficul...
Q3. A graph illustrating the storage volume of a reservoir or tank at any given water level is called ____________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. Capacity curve
A capacity curve graphically represents the relationship between a reservoir's water level and its storage volume. Engineers plot elevation on the vertical axis against corresponding cumulative reservoir storage on the h...
Q4. TSP contains ____________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. 46%P
Triple superphosphate contains a high percentage of phosphorus equivalent, commonly cited around forty-six percent P2O5. Manufacture involves treating phosphate rock with phosphoric acid rather than sulfuric acid to incr...
Q5. A hydraulic jump utilized for energy dissipation when the flow is __________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: C. Streaming flow
A hydraulic jump is commonly utilized to dissipate energy when high-velocity streaming flow transitions to subcritical flow. Streaming flow refers to supercritical or shooting flow characterized by high kinetic energy an...
Q6. A line mapped out by connecting points of identical elevation or head is designated as ____________________?
Show answer Hide answer
Answer: B. Contour line
A contour line is mapped by connecting points that share an identical elevation above a reference datum. Surveyors trace these lines across the landscape to represent three-dimensional terrain topography on flat maps. Sp...